-
1 grammatical speech
Общая лексика: правильная речь -
2 grammatical
1. a грамматический2. a грамматически правильный -
3 grammatical
[grəʹmætık(ə)l] a1. грамматическийgrammatical meaning [interpretation] - грамматическое значение [-ая интерпретация]
2. грамматически правильный -
4 grammatical
-
5 grammatical
grammatical, e (masculine plural - aux) [gʀamatikal, o]adjective* * *grammaticale, mpl - aux gʀamatikal, o adjectif grammatical* * *ɡʀamatikal, o grammatical, -egrammaticaux mpl adj* * *1. [de grammaire] grammatical2. [correct] grammatical -
6 grammatical
[English Word] grammatical[Swahili Word] sanifu[Part of Speech] adjective[English Example] (s)he spoke standard Kiswahili[Swahili Example] Anazungumza Kiswahili sanifu------------------------------------------------------------ -
7 grammatical coding
-
8 грамматически правильная речь
Russian-english psychology dictionary > грамматически правильная речь
-
9 грамматически правильный
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > грамматически правильный
-
10 правильная речь
1) General subject: grammar, grammatical speech2) Religion: samma vacha3) Psychology: correct speech -
11 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
-
12 number
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] a given number[Swahili Word] namba fulani[Swahili Plural] fulani[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Word] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cardinal (number)[Swahili Word] kadinali[Swahili Plural] makadilnali[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] (English)[Terminology] mathematics------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] from a number of[Swahili Word] mwongoni[Swahili Plural] miongoni[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] grammatical number[Swahili Word] namba[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9[Derived Language] English[Derived Word] number[English Definition] classification of a noun as singular or plural[Terminology] grammar------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] great number[Swahili Word] jingi[Swahili Plural] majingi[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] great number[Swahili Word] konyo[Swahili Plural] makonyo[Part of Speech] noun[Swahili Example] konyo la nazi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] great number[English Plural] great numbers[Swahili Word] laki[Swahili Plural] laki[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] Hindi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] in great number[Swahili Word] chunguchungu[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] in small number[Swahili Word] nusu[Part of Speech] adverb[English Example] Only half the people came.[Swahili Example] wamekuja nusu tu------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] large number[English Plural] large numbers[Swahili Word] idadi[Swahili Plural] idadi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] large number[English Plural] large numbers[Swahili Word] kivumbi[Swahili Plural] vivumbi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Word] vumbi N[Note] figurative------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] large number[Swahili Word] mzo[Swahili Plural] mizo[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] large number[English Plural] large numbers[Swahili Word] pamba[Swahili Plural] pamba[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[English Plural] numbers[Swahili Word] hesabu[Swahili Plural] hesabu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[Swahili Word] idadi[Swahili Plural] idadi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[Swahili Word] jamii[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] jaamati, jamaa, jumuiya, ujamaa[Swahili Example] jamii ya manowari; jamii ya ndege; jamii ya mizinga------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[English Plural] numbers[Swahili Word] kiwango[Swahili Plural] viwango[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -anga------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[Swahili Word] miongo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 4------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[English Plural] numbers[Swahili Word] mlongo[Swahili Plural] milongo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[English Example] he is one of them[Swahili Example] yuko katika milongo yao------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[English Plural] numbers[Swahili Word] mwongo[Swahili Plural] miongo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[English Example] he is one of them[Swahili Example] yuko katika miongo yao [Rech]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[English Plural] numbers[Swahili Word] namba[Swahili Plural] namba[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Derived Language] English[Derived Word] number[English Example] he is dialing numbers on the telephone[Swahili Example] anazungusha namba za simu [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number[Swahili Word] nambari[Swahili Plural] nambari[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] Eng.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number (of a periodical)[Swahili Word] nakala[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] nakili------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number (of a periodical)[Swahili Word] nakili[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] nakili------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number (of a periodical)[Swahili Word] nuku[Part of Speech] noun[Derived Word] nakili------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] number (too large to count)[Swahili Word] lukuki[Swahili Plural] lukuki[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] small number[Swahili Word] uchechefu[Part of Speech] noun[Swahili Example] kulikuwa na uchechefu wa watu wakati wa maombi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] without number[Swahili Word] -pukupuku[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] written number[Swahili Word] tarakimu[Swahili Plural] tarakimu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
13 asili
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[English Word] from the beginning[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[English Word] in old times[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[English Word] originally[Part of Speech] adverb[Swahili Example] babu asili[English Example] of original/proven quality------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] ancestor[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] ancestry[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] basis[English Plural] bases[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] beginning[Part of Speech] noun[Note] Cf. asilia------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] decent[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] denominator[English Plural] denominators[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Terminology] mathematics------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] essence[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] forebear[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] foundation[English Plural] foundations[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] home[English Plural] homes[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] nature[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] origin[English Plural] origins[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] basic principle[English Plural] basic principles[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] reason (for something)[English Plural] reasons[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] root (grammatical)[English Plural] roots[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] source[English Plural] sources[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] temperament[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[English Word] traditional[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
14 root
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] hooked piece of mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) prop root used for crab capture[Swahili Word] uta wa kaa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 11[Dialect] Kimvita[Terminology] marine------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] medicinal root (of calumba)[English Plural] medicinal roots[Swahili Word] kaumwa[Swahili Plural] kaumwa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] pull up a root[Swahili Word] -ng'oa mzizi[Part of Speech] phrase[English Example] pull out the tooth[Swahili Example] ng'oa jino------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] chanzo[Swahili Plural] vyanzo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] anza------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] mzizi[Swahili Plural] mizizi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[English Example] when we ate the roots of trees[Swahili Example] wakati tulipokula mizizi ya miti [Kez]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] shina[Swahili Plural] mashina[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[English Example] the root of this tree is short[Swahili Example] shina la mti huu ni fupi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root (eaten during famine)[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] ndiga[Swahili Plural] ndiga[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root (grammatical)[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] asili[Swahili Plural] asili[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root of a tooth[English Plural] roots of teeth[Swahili Word] kishiku cha jino[Swahili Plural] vishiku vya meno[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root of mfigili plant[English Plural] roots[Swahili Word] figili[Swahili Plural] figili[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] root-fiber[English Plural] root-fibers[Swahili Word] mzizi[Swahili Plural] mizizi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4------------------------------------------------------------ -
15 sanifu
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] do an artful job[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] kazi sanifu[English Example] an artful job------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] compose[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] craft[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] invent[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] be proper[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] work skillfully[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] mfanyakazi alisanifu[English Example] a skillful worker------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -sanifu[English Word] write[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] sanifu[English Word] grammatical[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] Anazungumza Kiswahili sanifu[English Example] (s)he spoke standard Kiswahili------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] sanifu[English Word] standard[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] mpishi sanifu[English Example] a standard cook------------------------------------------------------------ -
16 mъlva
mъlva Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `speech'Page in Trubačev: XX 225-226Old Church Slavic:Russian:molvá (obs.) `rumour, talk' [f ā]Belorussian:móva `language, speech' [f ā]Ukrainian:móva `language, speech' [f ā]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Slovincian:mu̯ova `speech' [f ā]Bulgarian:mălvá `rumour, noise, racket' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: mluH-eh₂Comments: I am not convinced that a vocalization *ml̥u̯H-V- would be out of the question ( LIV s.v. *mleu̯h₂).Other cognates:Skt. brávīti `speak, say' -
17 rě̑čь
rě̑čь Grammatical information: f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `speech'Old Church Slavic:rěčь `speech, accusation' [f i]Russian:Czech:řeč `speech' [f i]Slovak:Polish:Upper Sorbian:rěč `language, speech' [f i]Serbo-Croatian:rȉječ `word' [f i];Čak. rȋč `word' [f i]Slovene:rẹ̑č `thing' [f i], rẹčȋ [Gens]Bulgarian:Indo-European reconstruction: rēk-i- -
18 εἴρω 2
εἴρω 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `say'.Other forms: only 1. sg. pres. (Od.) and 3. sg. εἶρεν as aorist (B. 16, 20; 74), but εἴρετο (Α 513), - οντο (λ 342) rather `asked' (cf. Chantr. Gramn. hom. 1, 341 n. 3), εἴρεται (Arat.) for εἴρηται as sometimes hell. εἴρεκα for εἴρηκα (to ἐρρέθην), fut. ep. Ion. ἐρέω, Att. ἐρῶ, perf. med. εἴρηται (Il.; Arg. ϜεϜρημένος, Cret. Ϝερημένος), with fut. pass. ει᾽ρήσομαι (ep. Ion. Il.), perf. act. εἴρηκα (A., Ar.), aor. pass. ptc. ῥηθείς (Od.), εἰρέθην (Hdt.; rather with Lejeune Traité de phon. 136 after εἴρηται than with Schwyzer 654 from *ἐϜρέθην), Att. ἐρρήθην, hell. innovation ἐρρέθην, fut. ῥηθήσομαι (Att.) - As aorist εἶπον is used, as present φημί, λέγω, hell. also ἐρῶ (Schwyzer 784 n. 4) with ipf. ἤρεον ( εἴ-) `said' (Hp.).Derivatives: Action nouns: ῥῆσις (Ion.-Att. φ 291), Arc. Ϝρῆσις `pronunciation, speech' (on the meaning Chantr. Form. 283, further Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 87f. w. n. 1), often to the prefixed verbs: ἀνά-, ἀπό-, διά-, ἐπί-, κατά-, παρά-, πρό-, πρόσ-ρησις (cf. Holt, s. index); ῥῆμα `statement, word, story', as grammatical terminus `verb' (Ion. Archil.), also ἀπό-, ἐπί-, πρό-, πρόσ-ρημα; ῥήτρα, -η (ξ 393, X., Dor.), El. Ϝράτρα *Schwyzer 679), Cypr. with dissim. Ϝρήτα (from where εὑϜρητάσατυ) `agreement, treaty, law, pronunciation' (Chantr. Form. 333), with ῥητρεύω `pronounce' (Lyc.); on τρᾱ-suffix cf. ῥητήρ, ῥήτωρ. - Agent nouns: ῥητήρ `speaker' (Ι 443), ῥήτωρ `speaker', esp. `orator' in state affairs (trag., Att.). - Verbal adj. ῥητός `agreed, settled' (Φ 445 \< *u̯rh₁-tos; cf. Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 20), `pronounceable, what can be said, rational' (A., S.), often opposed to ἄρρητος (e. g. Hes. Op. 4), ἀπό-, ἐπί-, πρό-ρρητος; παρα-ρρητός `convincing' (Il.; to παρά-φημι, - ειπεῖν). - Adv. δια-ρρήδην `expressly' (h. Merc. etc.; Schwyzer-Debrunner 450), ἐπι-ρρήδην `open' (hell.), ῥήδην only A. D., EM (from δια-ρρ.). - Note the juridical and official meaning of many of the nouns (cf. the non-Greek cognates below); see Porzig Satzinhalte 265f., Fournier Les verbes "dire" 5ff., 94ff., 224ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1162] *u̯erh₁-, u̯r̥h₁- `speak (officially)'Etymology: With exception of isolated (Ϝ)είρω (on the digamma Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 136), which is an innovation to (Ϝ)ερέ-[σ]ω after κτεν-έ[σ]ω: κτείνω (cf. also Hitt. u̯erii̯a- below; aoristic εἶρεν [B.] after κτεῖνεν?), all forms are from disyllabic (Ϝ)ερε- and (Ϝ)ρη-; the first in the future, the latter in the perfect ( Ϝέ-Ϝρη-μαι etc.; Schwyzer 649), the passive aorist and the verbal nouns. - Cf. Hitt. Jotpresent u̯erii̯a- `call, name, order' (= (Ϝ)είρω, s. above), with the particle for the direct speech - wa(r)- prop. `said (he)'; also the Russ. deverbat. vrú, vrátь `lie, talk rot' (\< *vьrǫ, * vьrati) has been connected. Of the nouns compare Av. urvāta- n. `pronouncement, order', (IE *u̯reh₁-to-?). With (unexplained) short vowel Av. urvata- n. = Skt. vratá- n. `id.', IE *u̯re\/ o-to- (?), Russ. etc. rotá `oath', IE. *u̯ro-tā (?); monosyllabic with old dh-enlargement Lat. verbum, Lith. var̃das `name', Goth. waúrd `word'. Very doubtful is (on a wrong place, after ἔραχος, given ἔρθει φθέγγεται H. (not to verbum, which would give *ἐρεθ-) - S. also εἴρων.Page in Frisk: 1,470-471Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴρω 2
-
19 golgolъ
-
20 govorъ
govorъ Grammatical information: m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `talk'Page in Trubačev: VII 76-77Old Church Slavic:Russian:góvor `sound of voices, talk' [m o]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:gȍvōr `speech, dialect' [m o];Čak. gȍvor (Vrgada, Orbanići) `speech, dialect' [m o]Slovene:gǫ̑vor `speech, talk' [m o]Bulgarian:góvor `speech, talk, dialect' [m o]Indo-European reconstruction: gou-Other cognates:Skt. jóguve `call, invoke' [verb];
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
grammatical — grammatically, adv. /greuh mat i keuhl/, adj. 1. of or pertaining to grammar: grammatical analysis. 2. conforming to standard usage: grammatical speech. [1520 30; < L grammatic(us) ( < Gk grammatikós knowing one s letters, equiv. to grammat , s.… … Universalium
grammatical — /grəˈmætɪkəl / (say gruh matikuhl) adjective 1. of or relating to grammar: grammatical analysis. 2. conforming to standard usage: grammatical speech. Also, grammatic. –grammatically, adverb –grammaticalness, noun …
Grammatical number — Grammatical categories Animacy Aspect Case Clusivity Definiteness Degree of comparison Evidentiality Focus … Wikipedia
Grammatical case — Grammatical categories Animacy Aspect Case Clusivity Definiteness Degree of comparison Evidentiality … Wikipedia
Speech-Language Pathology in School Settings — Speech language pathology is a fast growing profession that, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, offers about 96,000 jobs in the United States alone. It relates to many educational disciplines such as communication sciences, linguistics … Wikipedia
Speech error — A speech error is a speech pattern that differs from some standard pattern. Speech errors are common among children, who have yet to refine their speech, and can frequently continue into adulthood. They sometimes lead to embarrassment and… … Wikipedia
Grammatical gender — This article is about noun classes. For uses of language associated with men and women, see Language and gender. For methods of minimizing the use of gendered forms, see Gender neutral language. For other uses, see Gender (disambiguation).… … Wikipedia
Grammatical conjugation — Part of the conjugation of the Spanish verb correr, to run , the lexeme is corr . Red represents the speaker, purple the addressee and teal a third person. One person represents the singular number and two, the plural number. Dawn represents the… … Wikipedia
speech — noun 1 speaking ADJECTIVE ▪ slurred ▪ She could tell by his slurred speech that he had been drinking. ▪ clipped ▪ casual ▪ connected … Collocations dictionary
Grammatical relation — In linguistics, grammatical functions or (grammatical relations) refer to syntactic relationships between parts of speech such as subject , object , adjunct , complement . These are distinct from the semantic notions of agent and patient, as… … Wikipedia
grammatical category — noun (grammar) a category of words having the same grammatical properties • Syn: ↑syntactic category • Topics: ↑grammar • Hypernyms: ↑class, ↑category, ↑family … Useful english dictionary
